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Password Hashing Done Right: Salts, Peppers, and KDFs
A practical guide to storing passwords securely in 2026 — why general hashes fail, salts vs peppers, work factors, and choosing Argon2id, scrypt, bcrypt or PBKDF2.
password-hashingsecurityguide
bcrypt Explained: How Adaptive Password Hashing Works
How bcrypt works — the Eksblowfish key schedule, cost factor, salt, and the $2b$ hash format — why slow adaptive hashing protects passwords, and bcrypt's limits.
password-hashingbcryptsecurity
Argon2 Explained: Memory-Hard Password Hashing
How Argon2 works — memory-hard password hashing, the Argon2d/i/id variants, the memory, time and parallelism parameters, and why it beats bcrypt and PBKDF2.
password-hashingargon2security
NTLM Hashes Explained: How Windows Stores Passwords
How the NTLM hash works — MD4 of the UTF-16LE password, no salt, no iterations — why NTLM hashes crack fast, pass-the-hash, and how NTLMv2 authentication differs.
ntlmwindowssecurity